Laser Cutting vs. Laser Engraving: The Key Differences
Laser cutting and laser engraving are comparable processes that require very similar machines but have recognizable characteristics and outcomes. Both processes use high-intensity beams of light to either cut or engrave a material.
This article discusses what laser cutting and engraving are, their differences, and how to choose between them.
What Is Laser Cutting?
Laser cutting is a process that uses a high-powered beam of light to cut a target material into two or more parts. It supplements or replaces more conventional methods that use mechanical saws or shearing blades. The laser will vaporize/melt the material to create the cuts. Laser cutting is used in industrial manufacturing processes.
For more information, see our guide on How Laser Cutters Work.
How Does Laser Cutting Work?
Laser cutting works by focusing a high-powered laser beam on a small area in order to melt and vaporize part of the material. The vaporized material is then blown away from the cutting site by an inert gas, such as nitrogen. The laser is connected to and controlled by a CNC (Computer Numerical Control) machine which moves the laser along the part to create a cut. The CNC machine follows a path or series of paths written in G-code, which is created in computer-aided design (CAD) software and loaded onto the laser cutter.
What Is the Primary Purpose of Laser Cutting?
As the name implies, the primary purpose of laser cutting is to cut away portions of a part or material with more accuracy and precision than most other techniques. It is usually performed on metal or plastic items. Designers choose laser cutting for its precision and versatility, as well as its ability to create high-quality finished edges.
What Are the Advantages of Laser Cutting?
People choose laser cutting over conventional cutting methods because it:
- Can cut non-ferrous metals with ease.
- Is faster and more reliable than most methods.
- Can cut complex geometry with precision.
- Creates a high-quality edge that does not require post-processing such as deburring.
- Adapts to cutting different geometry.
What Are the Disadvantages of Laser Cutting?
There are disadvantages to using a laser cutter such as those listed below:
- High upfront cost.
- High energy demand.
- Effective only on limited metal thicknesses.
- Some plastics generate dangerous fumes.
What Is Laser Engraving?
Laser engraving is a process that uses a high-powered laser to melt and vaporize enough material to leave a deep marking. Laser engraving does not, however, penetrate all the way through the material.
To read more, check out our guide on How to Do Laser Engraving.
How Does Laser Engraving Work?
Laser engraving works by focusing a high-powered laser on a small area of the material being engraved to melt and vaporize the surface layer. The laser is connected to and controlled by a CNC machine which follows a path set up by preprogrammed G-code software. The pattern in the G-code is created in a CAD model prior to engraving.
What Is the Primary Purpose of Laser Engraving?
The purpose of laser engraving is to create permanent markings. Paint and ink may fade or weather away, but laser-engraved markings are more resilient.
What Are the Advantages of Laser Engraving?
The advantages of using a laser engraving technique over other methods include:
- High precision
- High durability
- Speed of marking
- Highly accurate repeatability
- Adaptability to complex geometry
What Are the Disadvantages of Laser Engraving?
The disadvantages of laser engraving are:
- High equipment/setup cost
- No options for different colors
- Production of toxic fumes
- Requires training
- Limited to certain materials
- Produces stress concentration points which may lead to cracking
How To Choose Between Laser Cutting and Laser Engraving?
You’ll make your choice between a laser cutting machine and a laser engraving machine based on what you intend to do with it. If the machine is to be used solely for engraving, then a laser engraving machine will be best. However, if you want to do both laser cutting and engraving, then a laser-cutting machine will be the better option. More importantly, the machine you choose will also depend on the type of material you plan to cut or engrave; different materials require different power levels.
"Laser cutting is the process of cutting a part out of a sheet of material. Laser engraving is cutting partially through the material to leave a permanent mark. Laser etching is marking the top surface of a part or through a surface finish but does not penetrate the material."
Common FAQs About Laser Cutting and Engraving
Summary
This article presented laser cutting vs. laser engraving, explained each of them, and discussed their key differences. To learn more about laser cutting and laser engraving, contact a Xometry representative.
Xometry provides a wide range of manufacturing capabilities, including sheet cutting and other value-added services for all of your prototyping and production needs. Visit our website to learn more or to request a free, no-obligation quote.
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